diff --git a/db/helpers.go b/db/helpers.go
index ed98a72..da202f6 100644
--- a/db/helpers.go
+++ b/db/helpers.go
@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ SELECT
   COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "RamGB" IS NOT NULL THEN "RamGB" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS ram_total,
   COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "ProvisionedDisk" IS NOT NULL THEN "ProvisionedDisk" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS disk_total
 FROM %s
-WHERE "IsPresent" = 'TRUE'
 `, table)
 
 	var totals SnapshotTotals
@@ -206,7 +205,6 @@ SELECT
 FROM (
 %s
 ) snapshots
-WHERE "IsPresent" = 'TRUE'
 `, unionQuery)
 
 	var totals SnapshotTotals
@@ -247,8 +245,7 @@ func EnsureSnapshotTable(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, tableName string)
   "PoweredOn" TEXT,
   "SrmPlaceholder" TEXT,
   "VmUuid" TEXT,
-  "SnapshotTime" BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  "IsPresent" TEXT NOT NULL
+  "SnapshotTime" BIGINT NOT NULL
 );`, tableName)
 	default:
 		ddl = fmt.Sprintf(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s (
@@ -272,8 +269,7 @@ func EnsureSnapshotTable(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, tableName string)
   "PoweredOn" TEXT,
   "SrmPlaceholder" TEXT,
   "VmUuid" TEXT,
-  "SnapshotTime" BIGINT NOT NULL,
-  "IsPresent" TEXT NOT NULL
+  "SnapshotTime" BIGINT NOT NULL
 );`, tableName)
 	}
 
@@ -449,7 +445,6 @@ SELECT
     FROM snapshots s2
     WHERE s2."VmId" = agg."VmId"
       AND s2."Vcenter" = agg."Vcenter"
-      AND s2."IsPresent" = 'TRUE'
     ORDER BY s2."SnapshotTime" DESC
     LIMIT 1
   ) AS "ResourcePool",
@@ -818,6 +813,11 @@ func EnsureSummaryTable(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, tableName string)
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Best-effort: drop legacy IsPresent column if it exists.
+	if hasIsPresent, err := ColumnExists(ctx, dbConn, tableName, "IsPresent"); err == nil && hasIsPresent {
+		_, _ = dbConn.ExecContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN "IsPresent"`, tableName))
+	}
+
 	indexes := []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf(`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS %s_vm_vcenter_idx ON %s ("VmId","Vcenter")`, tableName, tableName),
 		fmt.Sprintf(`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS %s_resourcepool_idx ON %s ("ResourcePool")`, tableName, tableName),
diff --git a/internal/report/snapshots.go b/internal/report/snapshots.go
index d216377..9abf7ff 100644
--- a/internal/report/snapshots.go
+++ b/internal/report/snapshots.go
@@ -1027,13 +1027,13 @@ func buildHourlyTotals(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, records []SnapshotR
 		query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 SELECT
   COUNT(DISTINCT "VmId") AS vm_count,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND "VcpuCount" IS NOT NULL THEN "VcpuCount" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS vcpu_total,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND "RamGB" IS NOT NULL THEN "RamGB" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS ram_total,
-  COALESCE(AVG(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS presence_ratio,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'tin' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS tin_total,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'bronze' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS bronze_total,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'silver' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS silver_total,
-  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "IsPresent" = 'TRUE' AND LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'gold' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS gold_total
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "VcpuCount" IS NOT NULL THEN "VcpuCount" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS vcpu_total,
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN "RamGB" IS NOT NULL THEN "RamGB" ELSE 0 END), 0) AS ram_total,
+  1.0 AS presence_ratio,
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'tin' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS tin_total,
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'bronze' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS bronze_total,
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'silver' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS silver_total,
+  COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN LOWER("ResourcePool") = 'gold' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) AS gold_total
 FROM %s
 WHERE %s
 `, record.TableName, templateExclusionFilter())
diff --git a/internal/tasks/dailyAggregate.go b/internal/tasks/dailyAggregate.go
index b4b91cc..9457920 100644
--- a/internal/tasks/dailyAggregate.go
+++ b/internal/tasks/dailyAggregate.go
@@ -129,6 +129,13 @@ func (c *CronTask) aggregateDailySummary(ctx context.Context, targetTime time.Ti
 		c.Logger.Error("failed to aggregate daily inventory", "error", err, "date", dayStart.Format("2006-01-02"))
 		return err
 	}
+	// Backfill missing creation times to the start of the day for rows where vCenter had no creation info.
+	if _, err := dbConn.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE `+summaryTable+` SET "CreationTime" = $1 WHERE "CreationTime" IS NULL OR "CreationTime" = 0`,
+		dayStart.Unix(),
+	); err != nil {
+		c.Logger.Warn("failed to normalize creation times for daily summary", "error", err, "table", summaryTable)
+	}
 	if err := db.RefineCreationDeletionFromUnion(ctx, dbConn, summaryTable, unionQuery); err != nil {
 		c.Logger.Warn("failed to refine creation/deletion times", "error", err, "table", summaryTable)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/tasks/inventorySnapshots.go b/internal/tasks/inventorySnapshots.go
index e6eaacd..cde109c 100644
--- a/internal/tasks/inventorySnapshots.go
+++ b/internal/tasks/inventorySnapshots.go
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ type inventorySnapshotRow struct {
 	SrmPlaceholder  string
 	VmUuid          sql.NullString
 	SnapshotTime    int64
-	IsPresent       string
 }
 
 type snapshotTotals = db.SnapshotTotals
@@ -87,6 +86,8 @@ func (c *CronTask) RunVcenterSnapshotHourly(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Lo
 	if err := db.EnsureSnapshotRunTable(ctx, c.Database.DB()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Best-effort cleanup of legacy IsPresent columns to simplify inserts.
+	c.dropLegacyIsPresentColumns(jobCtx)
 
 	// reload settings in case vcenter list has changed
 	c.Settings.ReadYMLSettings()
@@ -186,6 +187,30 @@ func (c *CronTask) RunVcenterSnapshotHourly(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Lo
 	return nil
 }
 
+// dropLegacyIsPresentColumns attempts to remove the old IsPresent column from hourly tables.
+// This keeps inserts simple and avoids keeping unused data around.
+func (c *CronTask) dropLegacyIsPresentColumns(ctx context.Context) {
+	dbConn := c.Database.DB()
+	if err := report.EnsureSnapshotRegistry(ctx, c.Database); err != nil {
+		c.Logger.Debug("skip IsPresent cleanup; registry unavailable", "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	records, err := report.ListSnapshots(ctx, c.Database, "hourly")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Logger.Debug("skip IsPresent cleanup; unable to list hourly snapshots", "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if ok, err := db.ColumnExists(ctx, dbConn, r.TableName, "IsPresent"); err == nil && ok {
+			if _, err := dbConn.ExecContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN "IsPresent"`, r.TableName)); err != nil {
+				c.Logger.Debug("unable to drop legacy IsPresent column", "table", r.TableName, "error", err)
+			} else {
+				c.Logger.Info("dropped legacy IsPresent column", "table", r.TableName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // RunHourlySnapshotRetry retries failed vCenter hourly snapshots up to a maximum attempt count.
 func (c *CronTask) RunHourlySnapshotRetry(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) (err error) {
 	jobStart := time.Now()
@@ -440,7 +465,7 @@ var summaryUnionColumns = []string{
 	`"InventoryId"`, `"Name"`, `"Vcenter"`, `"VmId"`, `"EventKey"`, `"CloudId"`, `"CreationTime"`,
 	`"DeletionTime"`, `"ResourcePool"`, `"Datacenter"`, `"Cluster"`, `"Folder"`,
 	`"ProvisionedDisk"`, `"VcpuCount"`, `"RamGB"`, `"IsTemplate"`, `"PoweredOn"`,
-	`"SrmPlaceholder"`, `"VmUuid"`, `"SnapshotTime"`, `"IsPresent"`,
+	`"SrmPlaceholder"`, `"VmUuid"`, `"SnapshotTime"`,
 }
 
 func ensureSnapshotRowID(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, tableName string) error {
@@ -621,18 +646,13 @@ func snapshotFromVM(vmObject *mo.VirtualMachine, vc *vcenter.Vcenter, snapshotTi
 				row.ResourcePool = sql.NullString{String: normalizeResourcePool(rpName), Valid: rpName != ""}
 			}
 		}
-		if !row.ResourcePool.Valid {
-			if rpName, err := vc.GetVmResourcePool(*vmObject); err == nil {
-				row.ResourcePool = sql.NullString{String: normalizeResourcePool(rpName), Valid: rpName != ""}
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
 	if row.Folder.String == "" {
 		if folderPath, ok := vc.GetVMFolderPathFromLookup(*vmObject, folderLookup); ok {
 			row.Folder = sql.NullString{String: folderPath, Valid: folderPath != ""}
-		} else if folderPath, err := vc.GetVMFolderPath(*vmObject); err == nil {
-			row.Folder = sql.NullString{String: folderPath, Valid: folderPath != ""}
+		} else {
+			// Unable to resolve folder path from lookup; leave empty.
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -695,21 +715,64 @@ func insertHourlyBatch(ctx context.Context, dbConn *sqlx.DB, tableName string, r
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	stmt, err := tx.PreparexContext(ctx, sqlx.Rebind(sqlx.BindType(dbConn.DriverName()), fmt.Sprintf(`
-INSERT INTO %s (
-  "InventoryId", "Name", "Vcenter", "VmId", "EventKey", "CloudId", "CreationTime", "DeletionTime",
-  "ResourcePool", "Datacenter", "Cluster", "Folder", "ProvisionedDisk", "VcpuCount",
-  "RamGB", "IsTemplate", "PoweredOn", "SrmPlaceholder", "VmUuid", "SnapshotTime", "IsPresent"
-) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
-`, tableName)))
+
+	baseCols := []string{
+		"InventoryId", "Name", "Vcenter", "VmId", "EventKey", "CloudId", "CreationTime", "DeletionTime",
+		"ResourcePool", "Datacenter", "Cluster", "Folder", "ProvisionedDisk", "VcpuCount",
+		"RamGB", "IsTemplate", "PoweredOn", "SrmPlaceholder", "VmUuid", "SnapshotTime",
+	}
+	bind := sqlx.BindType(dbConn.DriverName())
+	buildStmt := func(cols []string) (*sqlx.Stmt, error) {
+		colList := `"` + strings.Join(cols, `", "`) + `"`
+		placeholders := strings.TrimRight(strings.Repeat("?, ", len(cols)), ", ")
+		return tx.PreparexContext(ctx, sqlx.Rebind(bind, fmt.Sprintf(`INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)`, tableName, colList, placeholders)))
+	}
+
+	stmt, err := buildStmt(baseCols)
 	if err != nil {
-		tx.Rollback()
-		return err
+		// Fallback for legacy tables that still have IsPresent.
+		withLegacy := append(append([]string{}, baseCols...), "IsPresent")
+		stmt, err = buildStmt(withLegacy)
+		if err != nil {
+			tx.Rollback()
+			return err
+		}
+		defer stmt.Close()
+		for _, row := range rows {
+			args := []interface{}{
+				row.InventoryId,
+				row.Name,
+				row.Vcenter,
+				row.VmId,
+				row.EventKey,
+				row.CloudId,
+				row.CreationTime,
+				row.DeletionTime,
+				row.ResourcePool,
+				row.Datacenter,
+				row.Cluster,
+				row.Folder,
+				row.ProvisionedDisk,
+				row.VcpuCount,
+				row.RamGB,
+				row.IsTemplate,
+				row.PoweredOn,
+				row.SrmPlaceholder,
+				row.VmUuid,
+				row.SnapshotTime,
+				"TRUE",
+			}
+			if _, err := stmt.ExecContext(ctx, args...); err != nil {
+				tx.Rollback()
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return tx.Commit()
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
 	for _, row := range rows {
-		if _, err := stmt.ExecContext(ctx,
+		args := []interface{}{
 			row.InventoryId,
 			row.Name,
 			row.Vcenter,
@@ -730,8 +793,8 @@ INSERT INTO %s (
 			row.SrmPlaceholder,
 			row.VmUuid,
 			row.SnapshotTime,
-			row.IsPresent,
-		); err != nil {
+		}
+		if _, err := stmt.ExecContext(ctx, args...); err != nil {
 			tx.Rollback()
 			return err
 		}
@@ -760,6 +823,7 @@ func (c *CronTask) captureHourlySnapshotForVcenter(ctx context.Context, startTim
 		_ = db.UpsertSnapshotRun(ctx, c.Database.DB(), url, startTime, false, err.Error())
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get VMs from vcenter: %w", err)
 	}
+	c.Logger.Debug("retrieved VMs from vcenter", "url", url, "vm_count", len(vcVms))
 	hostLookup, err := vc.BuildHostLookup()
 	if err != nil {
 		c.Logger.Warn("failed to build host lookup", "url", url, "error", err)
@@ -808,7 +872,9 @@ func (c *CronTask) captureHourlySnapshotForVcenter(ctx context.Context, startTim
 	presentByName := make(map[string]struct{}, len(vcVms))
 	totals := snapshotTotals{}
 	deletionsMarked := false
-	for _, vm := range vcVms {
+	progressEvery := 25
+	nextLog := progressEvery
+	for idx, vm := range vcVms {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(vm.Name, "vCLS-") {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -828,7 +894,6 @@ func (c *CronTask) captureHourlySnapshotForVcenter(ctx context.Context, startTim
 			c.Logger.Error("unable to build snapshot for VM", "vm_id", vm.Reference().Value, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
-		row.IsPresent = "TRUE"
 		presentSnapshots[vm.Reference().Value] = row
 		if row.VmUuid.Valid {
 			presentByUuid[row.VmUuid.String] = struct{}{}
@@ -841,16 +906,24 @@ func (c *CronTask) captureHourlySnapshotForVcenter(ctx context.Context, startTim
 		totals.VcpuTotal += nullInt64ToInt(row.VcpuCount)
 		totals.RamTotal += nullInt64ToInt(row.RamGB)
 		totals.DiskTotal += nullFloat64ToFloat(row.ProvisionedDisk)
+
+		if idx+1 >= nextLog {
+			c.Logger.Debug("hourly snapshot progress", "processed", idx+1, "total", len(vcVms), "vcenter", url)
+			nextLog += progressEvery
+		}
 	}
+	c.Logger.Debug("hourly snapshot rows prepared", "vcenter", url, "rows", len(presentSnapshots))
 
 	batch := make([]inventorySnapshotRow, 0, len(presentSnapshots)+len(inventoryRows))
 	for _, row := range presentSnapshots {
 		batch = append(batch, row)
 	}
+	c.Logger.Debug("checking inventory for missing VMs", "vcenter", url)
 
 	missingCount := 0
 
 	for _, inv := range inventoryRows {
+		c.Logger.Debug("checking inventory for deletions", "vm_id", inv.VmId.String, "vm_uuid", inv.VmUuid.String, "name", inv.Name)
 		if strings.HasPrefix(inv.Name, "vCLS-") {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -898,6 +971,8 @@ func (c *CronTask) captureHourlySnapshotForVcenter(ctx context.Context, startTim
 		missingCount++
 	}
 
+	c.Logger.Debug("inserting hourly snapshot batch", "vcenter", url, "rows", len(batch))
+
 	if err := insertHourlyBatch(ctx, dbConn, tableName, batch); err != nil {
 		metrics.RecordVcenterSnapshot(url, time.Since(started), totals.VmCount, err)
 		_ = db.UpsertSnapshotRun(ctx, c.Database.DB(), url, startTime, false, err.Error())
diff --git a/internal/tasks/monthlyAggregate.go b/internal/tasks/monthlyAggregate.go
index e21a9c3..976f395 100644
--- a/internal/tasks/monthlyAggregate.go
+++ b/internal/tasks/monthlyAggregate.go
@@ -99,6 +99,13 @@ func (c *CronTask) aggregateMonthlySummary(ctx context.Context, targetMonth time
 		c.Logger.Error("failed to aggregate monthly inventory", "error", err, "month", targetMonth.Format("2006-01"))
 		return err
 	}
+	// Backfill missing creation times to the start of the month for rows lacking creation info.
+	if _, err := dbConn.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE `+monthlyTable+` SET "CreationTime" = $1 WHERE "CreationTime" IS NULL OR "CreationTime" = 0`,
+		monthStart.Unix(),
+	); err != nil {
+		c.Logger.Warn("failed to normalize creation times for monthly summary", "error", err, "table", monthlyTable)
+	}
 	rowCount, err := db.TableRowCount(ctx, dbConn, monthlyTable)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.Logger.Warn("unable to count monthly summary rows", "error", err, "table", monthlyTable)
diff --git a/internal/vcenter/vcenter.go b/internal/vcenter/vcenter.go
index 4797917..c633d87 100644
--- a/internal/vcenter/vcenter.go
+++ b/internal/vcenter/vcenter.go
@@ -663,7 +663,8 @@ func (v *Vcenter) GetVMFolderPath(vm mo.VirtualMachine) (string, error) {
 	folderPath := ""
 	//v.Logger.Debug("parent is", "parent", parentRef)
 
-	for parentRef != nil && parentRef.Type != "Datacenter" {
+	maxHops := 128
+	for parentRef != nil && parentRef.Type != "Datacenter" && maxHops > 0 {
 		// Retrieve the parent object
 		//parentObj, err := finder.ObjectReference(v.ctx, *parentRef)
 		//if err != nil {
@@ -691,9 +692,10 @@ func (v *Vcenter) GetVMFolderPath(vm mo.VirtualMachine) (string, error) {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected parent type: %s", parentObj.Reference().Type)
 		}
 		//break
+		maxHops--
 	}
 
-	if parentRef == nil {
+	if parentRef == nil || maxHops == 0 {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("folder traversal terminated early for VM %s", vm.Name)
 	}